Learn one simple rule to cover three grammar structures

By upper intermediate level, students have normally learnt the following three grammar structures involving past participle verbs (eaten, given, seen, known, taken, …): “present perfect” – e.g. I have seen that movie already. “past perfect” – e.g. Before I moved to Japan, I had studied Japanese for 2 years. “3rd conditional” – e.g. If you had told me it …